Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Sex work is termed to be controversial area of human conduct which is against certain human judgementalism. This term sex workers don’t stop with prostitution but also includes adult video seekers and immoral sex practioners. Most common media for sexual transmitting diseases is because of the risk at this sex work. At certain places workers ae been violated and threatened to certain barriers and hence many Human Right association and societies have come up with giving proper education on sex for adults as well as children. Implementing this will make way for a better future is a hope.
As STD and AIDS have become a common widespread worldwide it is more than alarming situation to create awareness. Healthcare associations, societies have created awareness in their own way to prevent this transmitting disease through Campaigns, road talks and through proper education. Now Sex education is being mandatory in the most part of the world and is also supported by many group of people. Implementing safe sex practice, having intercourse with one partner, proper hygiene and proper usage of condoms are meant to be known and practiced by people to have healthy life.
People affected with HIV predominantly have the chance of getting affected with Cancer and they are mostly termed as HIV- associated cancers. Most common cancer defining with AIDS are Cervical cancer and Kaposi Carcinoma and Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Generally, HIV affected people are more likely to be diagnosed 500 times with Kaposi carcinoma, 12 times with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in women 3 times with cervical cancer.
For STD/HIV the novel treatment is mostly through drugs and therapeutic agents and according to the advancements and technological evolution they get upgraded with lower side effects. Most common novel drugs are Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin, antiviral drugs and antiretroviral therapy. As of now there is no complete cure for STD/AIDS there are only preventive measures and precautions to be taken which will reduce the adversity of diseases.
The causative agent for Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS is HIV and this was foremost recognized in patients living in USA. After subsequent characterization it was recognized that HIV was a retrovirus. Later, SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) was found which was a closet relative of HIV virus which also influenced the rate of infection. These HIV and SIV virus interact with many host proteins further leading to the changes in the biological system. The genetic characteristics and evolutionary history of HIV is only little known. Normally the HIV virus is classified into nine types (A-D, F-H, J and K) and with six subtypes (A1–A4, and F1–F2). Among all these Subtype C is the most prevailing one and is mostly found in southern Africa, east Africa and India, with further infections in central Africa and Brazil.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are infections that are passed from one person to another during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They are dangerous, but the good thing is that having tested earlier will prevent one from adverse infections. Chlamydia is one of the most common STDs caused by bacterial infection and that’s easily cured with antibiotic medicine. Herpes is a common virus that causes sores on your genitals and/or mouth. Herpes can be annoying and painful, but it usually doesn’t lead to serious health problems. HPV is also the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital warts. Hepatitis B is an infection that can cause liver disease. It can be spread through sex. You can protect yourself by getting the hepatitis B vaccine and using condoms.
Sexually transmitted diseases vary with the type of infection it causes. Viral infections are Genital herpes, HIV/AIDS and Genital Warts. Candidiasis is a fungal STD which is spread by fungus Candida albicans. Bacterial infections are chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis. Trichomoniasis is a STD caused by parasitic protozoan. Among these infections viral STD’s are hard to cure but Bacterial, fungal infections have the way to be cured by antibiotics and drugs.
The cellular response to the human immunological disorder virus, mediate by T lymphocytes, appears sturdy however fails to regulate the infection utterly. In most virus infections, T cells either eliminate the virus or suppress it indefinitely as a harmless, continuous infection. however, the human immunological disorder virus undermines this management by infecting key immune cells, thereby impairing the response of each the infected CD4+ T cells and the clean CD8+ T cells. The failure of the latter to perform expeditiously facilitates the escape of virus from immune management and the collapse of the full system.
With HIV, drug resistance is caused by changes in the virus’s genetic structure. These mutations can lead to changes in certain proteins, most commonly enzymes, which help HIV to replicate. Mutations are quite common in HIV. This is often a result of HIV that replicates at a speed rate and doesn't contain the proteins required to correct the mistakes it makes throughout repeating. Mutations occur in Reverse transcriptase, Integrase, Protease and gp41 during pre-exposure prophylaxis or during the phase of treatment
In the year 2002 HIV was found to be the most important cause for the increase in death rate. There were treatments like Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but they didn’t completely cure the disease and hence vaccination was the safer choice. Vaccination was the only way by which the AIDS pandemic can be halted. Classic vaccines mimic natural immunity against reinfection generally seen in individuals recovered from infection. Initially the vaccines before customized was tested with animal models and then it was approved but now after a long-time research it is been stated that even vaccine is not able to give complete cure for HIV.
Women mostly become the survivor of HIV when they have sexual intercourse with a man or when they have improper sexual practice with too many individuals. According to the recent diagnostic reports 62% were African American, 18% were White and 16% were Hispanic. The degree of infections varies with every individual the symptoms show up within 2-4 weeks differing from each individual. Commonly acute infections result with flu symptoms, but the uncertainty is it also takes up a year to show symptoms. Being a woman, the infection will also get transfer to the baby or it will lead to infertility. Prevention is mostly by antivirals during pregnancy or antiviral therapy after child birth.
As it is common that infertility is one of the adverse effect of STD, biological alteration in reproductive physiology can be done for positive outcome. Studies do report that psychosocial factors also affect the reproductive desires of a women. Analysis of worldwide women health reports states that many women diagnosed with HIV terminate pregnancy voluntarily and this state of being is commonly been increased. Due to these adverse conditions HIV and AIDS has a greater impact in population based on economic and political stability factors. The prevention from a mother to a child is precautions taken at earlier stages and proper medications.
Nearly 36.7 million survivors are there worldwide and among them 2.1 million are children under 15 years of age. Reports also states that everyday 400 children are diagnosed with HIV. This is mainly because of transmission from mother or because of unsafe health practices. It is not that possible for children to get cured by vaccines and medications because the immune system of the children is not fully developed at the earlier stage. The best initiative of treatment is from mother by giving antiviral drugs during pregnancy and after birth.
Diagnosis of HIV infection will be administrated by detecting any of the subsequent take a look at Antibodies to HIV, P24 HIV matter and HIV super molecule (RNA/DNA). the foremost ordinarily used methodology for the diagnosing of HIV infection is detection of anti-HIV antibodies in serum/plasma. it's economical, speedy and might be performed simply in most laboratories. HIV protein assays are currently commercially on the market in varied formats. it's necessary to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections because the treatment varies for the two varieties. HIV-2 is intrinsically immune to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication.
A natural component of human blood is found to block the replication of HIV infecting cells. Virus-inhibitory peptide performs its action and prevents the infecting cells from transmission. Other means of protection are by healthy diet on basis of the required supplement needed by the body. Home made foods can be taken into account on the consideration of physician’s advice. Like the intake awareness can be created among people so that they will try to avoid situations that lead to the causing of STD/AIDS.